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Top 10 Foods Highest in Vitamin E


Vitamin E is a group of 8 fat-soluble vitamins which help prevent oxidative stress to the body, and other vitamins within the body. Adequate amounts of vitamin E can help protect against heart disease, cancer, and age related eye damage (macular degeneration). Conversely, too much vitamin E from supplements can lead to excessive bleeding, or hemorrhaging. Vitamin E foods, like the ones listed below, are considered to be safe and healthy. The current DV for vitamin E is 20mg. Below is a list of foods high in vitamin E, for more, see the extended list of vitamin E rich foods.

#1: Sunflower Seeds
A great snack on the go, or a great garnish on salads and soups, sunflower seeds provide 36.6mg (222% DV) of vitamin E in a 100g serving, or 36.5mg (310% DV) per cup.
Click to see complete nutrition facts

#2: Paprika and Red Chili Powder
It is nice to know you are able to add pepper to a dish whether mild (paprika) or spicy (red chili powder) and get the same amount of vitamin E, around 30mg (199% DV) per 100g serving, or 2.1mg (14% DV) in a single tablespoon.
Click to see complete nutrition facts

#3: Almonds
Almonds are best as a snack in raw whole form, but can also be found as almond butter and almond milk. Almonds provide 26.2mg (175% DV) of vitamin E in a 100g serving, 37.5mg (250% DV) per cup, and 0.3mg (2% DV) of vitamin E in an almond.
Click to see complete nutrition facts

#4: Pine Nuts
Known as a key component in pesto, pine nuts are also great on their own, or added to a fruit salad. They provide 9.3mg (62% DV) of vitamin-E in a 100g serving, 12.6mg (84% DV) per cup, and 0.2mg (1% DV) in 10 nuts.
Click to see complete nutrition facts

#5: Peanuts
Most common in butter form, peanuts also make a great dry roasted unsalted snack, chop up a few as a garnish to just about anything. A 100g serving will provide 6.9mg (46% DV) of vitamin E. That is 10mg (67% DV) per cup, and 2mg (13% DV) per ounce.
Click to see complete nutrition facts

#6: Dried Herbs (Basil And Oregano)
Basil and Oregano go a long way in pasta sauce and pizzas, but are also great sprinkled on top of salads and sandwiches. A 100g serving will provide 7.38mg (50% DV) of vitamin E, which is 0.2mg (1% DV) per teaspoon. Other dried herbs high in vitamin E include Sage, Thyme, Parsley, and Cumin. Click to see complete nutrition facts

#7: Dried Apricots
Most common as a snack, dried apricots can also be chopped and thrown into a fruit salad. A good source of fiber and many other vitamins, apricots also provide 4.3mg (29% DV) of vitamin E per 100g serving, or 5.6mg (38% DV) per cup, and 0.2mg (2% DV) of vitamin E in half an apricot.
Click to see complete nutrition facts

#8: Pickled Green Olives
Olives have no end to culinary use, great in pasta sauce, pizzas, salads, or alone with bread, they will provide 3.81mg (25% DV) of vitamin E in a 100g serving, 1.1mg (7% DV) per ounce (about 14 olives).
Click to see complete nutrition facts

#9: Cooked Spinach
Cooked spinach is great in stews, lasagnas, or as a side all by itself. It will provide 3.5mg (17% DV) of vitamin E in a 100g serving, 6.7mg (32% DV) per cup.
Click to see complete nutrition facts

#10: Cooked Taro Root
Inedible raw, taro is best baked, boiled, or incorporated into a bread. Worth trying as a substitute for potato, taro root gives 2.9mg (10% DV) of vitamin E in a 100g serving, 3.9mg (26% DV) in 1 cup sliced. It can be found in your local Asia market if not the grocery store.
Click to see complete nutrition facts


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Other Vitamin E Rich Foods

Wheat Germ Oil149mg (722% DV) per 100 gram serving326mg (1573% DV) per cup (218 grams)21mg (101% DV) per tablespoon (14 grams)Click to see complete nutrition facts for Wheat Germ Oil
Hazelnuts15mg (74% DV) per 100 gram serving4.3mg (21% DV) per ounce (28 grams)Click to see complete nutrition facts for Dry Roasted Hazelnuts
Flaxseed Oil17.5mg (85% DV) per 100 gram serving38mg (184% DV) per cup (218 grams)2.5mg (12% DV) in a tablespoon (14 grams)Click to see complete nutrition facts for Flaxseed Oil
Corn and Canola Oil15mg (72% DV) per 100 gram serving33mg (161% DV) per cup (218 grams)2.1mg (10% DV) per tablespoon (14 grams)Click to see complete nutrition facts for Corn and Canola Oil
Broccoli1.3mg (6% DV) per 100 gram serving2.4mg (12% DV) per cup (184 grams)1.2mg (6% DV) per tablespoon (92 grams)Click to see complete nutrition facts for Chopped Boiled Broccoli
Soybean Oil8.2mg (40% DV) per 100 gram serving18mg (86% DV) per cup (184 grams)1.2mg (6% DV) per tablespoon (92 grams)Click to see complete nutrition facts for Soybean Oil
Pistachios1.9mg (9% DV) per 100 gram serving2.4mg (11% DV) per cup (123 grams)0.5mg (3% DV) per ounce (~49 pistachios) (28 grams)Click to see complete nutrition facts for Dry Roasted Pistachios
Pecans1.4mg (7% DV) per 100 gram serving1.4mg (7% DV) per cup (99 grams)0.4mg (2% DV) per ounce (~19 pecans) (28 grams)Click to see complete nutrition facts for Pecans
Bell Peppers1.6mg (8% DV) per 100 gram serving1.5mg (7% DV) per cup (92 grams)1.9mg (9% DV) in a medium sized pepper (119 grams)Click to see complete nutrition facts for Red Bell Pepppers
Kiwis1.5mg (7% DV) per 100 gram serving2.6mg (89% DV) per cup (177 grams)1.1mg (5% DV) in a medium kiwi fruit (76 grams)Click to see complete nutrition facts for Kiwi Fruit
Mango1.1mg (5% DV) per 100 gram serving1.9mg (9% DV) per cup (165 grams)2.3mg (11% DV) in a mango (207 grams)Click to see complete nutrition facts for Mangoes
Tomato0.5mg (3% DV) per 100 gram serving1mg (5% DV) in 1 cup sliced (180 grams)0.7mg (3% DV) in a medium sized tomato (123 grams)Click to see complete nutrition facts for Raw Tomatoes
Asparagus1.5mg (7% DV) per 100 gram serving1.4mg (7% DV) per cup (90 grams)0.9mg (4% DV) in 4 spears (60 grams)Click to see complete nutrition facts for Asparagus
Butternut Squash1.3mg (6% DV) per 100 gram serving2.6mg (13% DV) per cup cubed (90 grams)Click to see complete nutrition facts for Baked Butternut Squash

Health Benefits of Vitamin E

  • Reduced Risk of Heart Disease - Vitamin E is thought to help prevent heart disease by inhibiting oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and helping to prevent blood clots which could lead to a heart attack.3,4 Studies report mixed results as to the effectiveness of supplements.5,6
  • Reduced Cancer Risk (*Controversial) - Vitamin E may help reduce cancer risk by acting as an antioxidant and by preventing formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines formed in the stomach from nitrites in foods.7,8
  • Promoted Eye Health (Prevention from Macular Degeneration) (*Controversial) - At least one study has shown intake of the DV for vitamin E reduces risk of age related eye damage (macular degeneration) by 20%.9,10 Other studies, however, fail to find any association.11,12
  • Alleviation of Chronic Inflammation - Preliminary studies show that vitamin E can help mediate the inflammatory response, and may help those with type II diabetes, or chronic heart failure, who suffer from chronic inflammation.13-15
  • Reduced Risk of Dementia (Cognitive Decline) (*Controversial) - Preliminary findings have shown increased levels of vitamin E to have a protective effect on mental functioning as people age. Further studies need to be conducted to confirm this finding.16
  • Reduced Risk of ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Lou Gehrig's Disease) (*Controversial) - A long range study found that increased intake of Vitamin E over 5 years could reduce risk of ALS. Further studies are needed as the sample size was small.17

Recipes High in Vitamin E

Blackberry Salad
Spicy Lentil Cabbage

Warnings

  • High doses of vitamin E supplements can greatly suppress blood coagulation and clotting thus increasing risk of excessive bleeding or hemorrhage.2
  • Nuts, seeds, and oils are high calorie foods and should be eaten in moderate amounts by people with a high body mass index.

Buy Vitamin E Foods

Sunflower Seeds, Dry Roasted Peanuts, Almonds, Dried Herbs, Flax Seeds



<- Top 10 Foods Highest in Beta Carotene   Top 10 Foods Highest in Vitamin C ->

Comments.
Name:Kazmis
Location:Pakistan
Subject:Vit E & Mortality
It is correct that a high dose of Vit E is not good for blood due to inhibited coagulation, but what do you say about a high intake of seeds etc like almonds regarding mortality especially when other things like paprika, olives, etc etc are also being consumed.
Posted on 2012-01-08 10:20:15
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Vit E & Mortality
Hi Kazmis, thanks for your question. The primary risks associated with vitamin E toxicity come from supplements. Vitamin E obtained from natural foods is well regulated and it is very unlikely that you will consume too much vitamin E from foods.
Posted on 2012-01-11 14:03:46
Name:Mitchell
Location:Australia
Subject:Vit E to Calorie Ratio
Hi I'm constructing a balanced diet that contains all the RDI's of all vitamins and minerals and currently the only one I am struggling with is vitamin E as most foods rich in it are also high energy/high calorie foods. I was wondering if anyone knew what food has the highest vitamin e to calorie ratio, aka the highest amount of vitamin e for the least calories? Would really appreciate it.
Posted on 2012-01-23 01:53:26
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Vit E to Calorie Ratio
Hi Mitchell, thanks for your comment and request. The Nutrient Ranking Tool can now calculate and rank ratios for a variety of nutrients. Searching for foods with the highest vitamin E to calorie ratio shows that dark leafy greens like spinach and swiss chard are good, as well as spices like paprika. Hope that helps.
Posted on 2012-01-26 06:59:35
Name:Roberto
Subject:Vitamin E and Vitamin K
@Kazmis I'd imagine it might be true but I don't know the exact statistics. But anyway if you get enough Vitamin K (found in vegetable oil (soybean oil), collard greens, and kale), then your blood clotting will be fine.
Posted on 2012-05-04 22:46:00
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Vitamin E and Vitamin K
Hi Roberto, thanks for your comment and making a good point that eating adequate amounts of vitamin K foods can help prevent some of the anticoagulant effects of excess vitamin E (Hypervitaminosis E).Ref
Posted on 2012-05-07 03:11:37
Name:Honey
Location:London
Subject:Vitamin E and Pregnancy
What does vitamin E provide and do to help a pregnant woman? Kudos and thumbs up!
Posted on 2012-06-20 15:02:12
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Vitamin E and Pregnancy
Hi Honey, thanks for your question. There have not many studies to analyze the benefits of vitamin E during pregnancy. Results are mixed as to the benefits, with some claiming it can help development, while other studies suggest that too much vitamin E may cause some defects. The guideline is to try eat a moderate amount of vitamin E till anything conclusive can really be found.
Posted on 2012-06-21 02:57:22
Name:Candace
Location:Los Angeles
Subject:Vitamin E and Skin Health
My whole life I had scars on my legs and forearms due to various accidents that normal over- the- counter ointments couldn't rid of. My doctor recommended that I take vitamin E supplements. Will this improve my scars?
Posted on 2012-08-06 04:17:28
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Vitamin E and Skin Health
Hi Candace, thanks for your question. There really isn't any evidence that vitamin E supplements will help with your scars. You can try it for 2 months and let us know, but it is unlikely to help.
Posted on 2012-08-06 04:25:20
Name:Anonymous
Subject:Vit e hair growth
Is vitamin E also good for hair growth?
Posted on 2012-10-26 11:22:21
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Vit e hair growth
Thanks for your question. There are no studies to confirm that vitamin E helps hair growth. However, you might find that vitamin D, selenium, and zinc can help.
Posted on 2012-10-26 13:48:35
Name:Maggie
Location:United States
Subject:Does vitamin E help with period cramps?
I read online that Vitamin E is good for stopping period cramps. Is that true?
Posted on 2012-11-05 17:01:12
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Does vitamin E help with period cramps?
Hi Maggie, thanks for your question. There are no studies to confirm that vitamin E helps with period cramps, and you are best not to take a lot of vitamin E. A lot of vitamin E does lead to bleeding which is maybe why you heard that vitamin E might help. One study has found that fish oil combined with vitamin B12 can reduce the severity of period cramps. Further, high magnesium foods have been known to help alleviate symptoms of PMS, and to help with muscle cramps. Hope that helps.
Posted on 2012-11-06 10:53:18
Name:Ahturah Ahkdeyah
Location:Israel
Subject:Natural vitamin E supplements
Shalom. I can not eat wheat or wheat products. What are the natural vitamin E supplements made from? Thank You.
Posted on 2012-11-20 07:15:23
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Natural vitamin E supplements
Hi Ahturah, thanks for your question. What a particular natural vitamin E supplement is made of can vary, and depends on the brand/type. Vitabase sells a natural vitamin E supplement which does not contain sugar, salt, dairy, yeast, wheat, corn, preservatives, artificial colors or flavors. Hope it is useful to you.
Posted on 2012-11-21 02:14:14
Name:Thomas young jr
Location:Liberia
Subject:Vitamin E and Asthma
How does vitamin E affect an asthmatic condition? Does it in some way add some value to the treatment of this medical condition? Thank you.
Posted on 2013-01-15 05:13:18
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Vitamin E and Asthma
Hi Thomas, thanks for your question. While some initial studies suggest that asthma can be alleviated with vitamin E. There is still not very good evidence that this is true. This study found that vitamin E did not help at all. Despite this evidence, vitamin E was initially thought useful since it has anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties. Being sure you consume enough vitamin E, or even a little more than enough, could not hurt, and would likely help a little bit.
Posted on 2013-01-15 14:16:37
Name:Mike
Location:Azerbaijan
Subject:How much vitamin E is in Olive Oil?
How much vitamin E is in extra virgin olive oil? Thank you.
Posted on 2013-04-03 10:16:34
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: How much vitamin E is in Olive Oil?
Hi Mike, thanks for your question. 100 grams of olive oil provides 14mg (69% DV) of vitamin E. That is 31mg (150% DV) per cup, and 2mg (10% DV) per tablespoon. Here are the complete nutrition facts for olive oil.
Posted on 2013-04-03 23:34:34

Post a comment.
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Email:(Optional)
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Spam Prevention *(REQUIRED):
Enter the last three letters of this sentence.
Comments.
Name:Kazmis
Location:Pakistan
Subject:Vit E & Mortality
It is correct that a high dose of Vit E is not good for blood due to inhibited coagulation, but what do you say about a high intake of seeds etc like almonds regarding mortality especially when other things like paprika, olives, etc etc are also being consumed.
Posted on 2012-01-08 10:20:15
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Vit E & Mortality
Hi Kazmis, thanks for your question. The primary risks associated with vitamin E toxicity come from supplements. Vitamin E obtained from natural foods is well regulated and it is very unlikely that you will consume too much vitamin E from foods.
Posted on 2012-01-11 14:03:46
Name:Mitchell
Location:Australia
Subject:Vit E to Calorie Ratio
Hi I'm constructing a balanced diet that contains all the RDI's of all vitamins and minerals and currently the only one I am struggling with is vitamin E as most foods rich in it are also high energy/high calorie foods. I was wondering if anyone knew what food has the highest vitamin e to calorie ratio, aka the highest amount of vitamin e for the least calories? Would really appreciate it.
Posted on 2012-01-23 01:53:26
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Vit E to Calorie Ratio
Hi Mitchell, thanks for your comment and request. The Nutrient Ranking Tool can now calculate and rank ratios for a variety of nutrients. Searching for foods with the highest vitamin E to calorie ratio shows that dark leafy greens like spinach and swiss chard are good, as well as spices like paprika. Hope that helps.
Posted on 2012-01-26 06:59:35
Name:Roberto
Subject:Vitamin E and Vitamin K
@Kazmis I'd imagine it might be true but I don't know the exact statistics. But anyway if you get enough Vitamin K (found in vegetable oil (soybean oil), collard greens, and kale), then your blood clotting will be fine.
Posted on 2012-05-04 22:46:00
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Vitamin E and Vitamin K
Hi Roberto, thanks for your comment and making a good point that eating adequate amounts of vitamin K foods can help prevent some of the anticoagulant effects of excess vitamin E (Hypervitaminosis E).Ref
Posted on 2012-05-07 03:11:37
Name:Honey
Location:London
Subject:Vitamin E and Pregnancy
What does vitamin E provide and do to help a pregnant woman? Kudos and thumbs up!
Posted on 2012-06-20 15:02:12
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Vitamin E and Pregnancy
Hi Honey, thanks for your question. There have not many studies to analyze the benefits of vitamin E during pregnancy. Results are mixed as to the benefits, with some claiming it can help development, while other studies suggest that too much vitamin E may cause some defects. The guideline is to try eat a moderate amount of vitamin E till anything conclusive can really be found.
Posted on 2012-06-21 02:57:22
Name:Candace
Location:Los Angeles
Subject:Vitamin E and Skin Health
My whole life I had scars on my legs and forearms due to various accidents that normal over- the- counter ointments couldn't rid of. My doctor recommended that I take vitamin E supplements. Will this improve my scars?
Posted on 2012-08-06 04:17:28
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Vitamin E and Skin Health
Hi Candace, thanks for your question. There really isn't any evidence that vitamin E supplements will help with your scars. You can try it for 2 months and let us know, but it is unlikely to help.
Posted on 2012-08-06 04:25:20
Name:Anonymous
Subject:Vit e hair growth
Is vitamin E also good for hair growth?
Posted on 2012-10-26 11:22:21
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Vit e hair growth
Thanks for your question. There are no studies to confirm that vitamin E helps hair growth. However, you might find that vitamin D, selenium, and zinc can help.
Posted on 2012-10-26 13:48:35
Name:Maggie
Location:United States
Subject:Does vitamin E help with period cramps?
I read online that Vitamin E is good for stopping period cramps. Is that true?
Posted on 2012-11-05 17:01:12
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Does vitamin E help with period cramps?
Hi Maggie, thanks for your question. There are no studies to confirm that vitamin E helps with period cramps, and you are best not to take a lot of vitamin E. A lot of vitamin E does lead to bleeding which is maybe why you heard that vitamin E might help. One study has found that fish oil combined with vitamin B12 can reduce the severity of period cramps. Further, high magnesium foods have been known to help alleviate symptoms of PMS, and to help with muscle cramps. Hope that helps.
Posted on 2012-11-06 10:53:18
Name:Ahturah Ahkdeyah
Location:Israel
Subject:Natural vitamin E supplements
Shalom. I can not eat wheat or wheat products. What are the natural vitamin E supplements made from? Thank You.
Posted on 2012-11-20 07:15:23
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Natural vitamin E supplements
Hi Ahturah, thanks for your question. What a particular natural vitamin E supplement is made of can vary, and depends on the brand/type. Vitabase sells a natural vitamin E supplement which does not contain sugar, salt, dairy, yeast, wheat, corn, preservatives, artificial colors or flavors. Hope it is useful to you.
Posted on 2012-11-21 02:14:14
Name:Thomas young jr
Location:Liberia
Subject:Vitamin E and Asthma
How does vitamin E affect an asthmatic condition? Does it in some way add some value to the treatment of this medical condition? Thank you.
Posted on 2013-01-15 05:13:18
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: Vitamin E and Asthma
Hi Thomas, thanks for your question. While some initial studies suggest that asthma can be alleviated with vitamin E. There is still not very good evidence that this is true. This study found that vitamin E did not help at all. Despite this evidence, vitamin E was initially thought useful since it has anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties. Being sure you consume enough vitamin E, or even a little more than enough, could not hurt, and would likely help a little bit.
Posted on 2013-01-15 14:16:37
Name:Mike
Location:Azerbaijan
Subject:How much vitamin E is in Olive Oil?
How much vitamin E is in extra virgin olive oil? Thank you.
Posted on 2013-04-03 10:16:34
Name:HealthAliciousNess
Subject:RE: How much vitamin E is in Olive Oil?
Hi Mike, thanks for your question. 100 grams of olive oil provides 14mg (69% DV) of vitamin E. That is 31mg (150% DV) per cup, and 2mg (10% DV) per tablespoon. Here are the complete nutrition facts for olive oil.
Posted on 2013-04-03 23:34:34

Post a comment.
Name:          
Location:       
Email:(Optional)
Subject:         

Spam Prevention *(REQUIRED):
Enter the last three letters of this sentence.

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References

  1. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 20.
  2. Office Of Dietary Supplements Fact Sheet: Vitamin E
  3. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes: Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000.
  4. Glynn RJ, Ridker PM, Goldhaber SZ, Zee RY, Buring JE. Effects of random allocation to vitamin E supplementation on the occurrence of venous thromboembolism: report from the Women's Health Study. Circulation 2007;116:1497-1503.
  5. Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Willett WC. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary disease in women. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1444-9.
  6. Traber MG. Heart disease and single-vitamin supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:293S-9S.
  7. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 16-1, 2004. http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl
  8. Weitberg AB, Corvese D. Effect of vitamin E and beta-carotene on DNA strand breakage induced by tobacco-specific nitrosamines and stimulated human phagocytes. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 1997;16:11-4.
  9. Chong EW-T, Wong TY, Kreis AJ, Simpson JA, Guymer RH. Dietary antioxidants and primary prevention of age-related macular degeneration: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2007;335:755.
  10. Evans J. Primary prevention of age related macular degeneration. BMJ 2007;335:729.
  11. Taylor HR, Tikellis G, Robman LD, McCarty CA, McNeil JJ. Vitamin E supplementation and macular degeneration: randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2002;325:11.
  12. Teikari JM, Virtamo J, Rautalahti M, Palmgren J, Liesto K, Heinonen OP. Long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene and age-related cataract. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1997;75:634-40.
  13. http://news.illinois.edu/news/08/1204vitamine.html
  14. Huey KA, Fiscus G, Richwin AF, Johnson RW, Meador BM. In vivo vitamin E administration attenuates IL-6 and IL-1ß responses to an acute inflammatory insult in mouse skeletal and cardiac muscle. Exp Physiology. 2008.
  15. Meador BM., Fiscus G, Richwine AF, Johnson RW, Huey KA. Effects of Vitamin E on Cytokine Responses to an Inflammatory Insult in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: May 2008 - Volume 40 - Issue 5 - pp S162-S163.
  16. K.H. Masaki, MD, K.G. Losonczy, MA, G. Izmirlian, PhD, D.J. Foley, MS, G.W. Ross, MD, H. Petrovitch, MD, R. Havlik, MD and L.R. White, MD. Association of vitamin E and C supplement use with cognitive function and dementia in elderly men. Neurology March 28, 2000 vol. 54 no. 6 1265-1272.
  17. Ascherio A. Vitamin E Intake and Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Pooled Analysis of Data From 5 Prospective Cohort Studies. Am. J. Epidemiol. (2011) 173 (6): 595-602.